Quantum Computing

Moore's Law is already showing signs of exhaustion for some time. The silicon, the main component used in the construction of the processors we use daily, is already reaching the physical limits inherent in the structure of that material, with the miniaturization of elements within the chip, begins to lose its electrical conductivity characteristics so necessary for the functioning our CPUs.
 The third generation of Intel Core processors, code-named Ivy Bridge, already has an impressively small lithography 22 nm - just to give you an idea, this means that each transistor was measuring 1/4 the size of the flu virus, which has 80 nm. Because of the reduced super size, the company had to build its chips with the new 3D transistors technology to standardize the behavior of electrons and increase the energy efficiency of the processors, since this scale of magnitude would not be possible to build such small objects with planar transistor technology that has been used for years.
Many solutions have been proposed to replace silicon as the main component going graphene quantum computing, and the second has started to show very promising results. Current processors may be regarded as tiny lamps where the "erased" is 0 and "lit" is 1. These little lights are transistors and the speed and amount that they change their state is what allows our computer to perform the calculations with which we are accustomed.